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AUTOMATION TESTING FAQs

What is QTP?
Quick Test is a graphical interface record-playback automation tool. It is able to work with any web, java or windows client application. Quick Test enables you to test standard web objects and ActiveX controls. In addition to these environments, Quick Test Professional also enables you to test Java applets and applications and multimedia objects on Applications as well as standard Windows applications, Visual Basic 6 applications and.NET framework applications.

What?s the QTP?
QTP is Mercury Interactive Functional Testing Tool.
QTP is automated functional tool developed by mercury interactive incorportion and 2 years back bought by HP.

What is elapsed time?
The elapsed time is that time which is used by server to take or given response to the client for hitting server by client ,throughput data from server and client site and response and average time.

When we use update mode in qtp?
When QTP scripts are expected to execute on AUT which may have GUI changes, we can execute QTP scripts in OR update mode, so that OR proerties can be modified in the execution.

What is reusable action in qtp?
To call an action from other tests we must make it as reusable so that scope becomes global and can be called from any test. A REUSABLE action can be called and executed but not edited in the current test.

What is ORD parameter?
This optional parameter indicates the ordinal. The default ordinal is 1. If you specify ?All,? it saves the parameter values in an array.

How you will evaluate the tool for test automation?
1.requirements of the tool that supports all technologies-List of technologies and controls should be created.
2.selection of the tool-the tool that meets the evaluation criteria should be chosen.
3.proof of concept-to try the tool with few scenario.

What automating testing tools are you familiar with?
QTP

How did you use automating testing tools in your job?
I use automated testing tools for regression testing. It saves me time of repeating the tests, feeding data/retrieving data manually into/from the application under test. Also, I can ensure that no functionality is missed during testing.

I am working in Loadrunner trial version software.How do you loacte the Web server monitors,aplication server monitors,database server monitors?
If you want to add web server or application and database monitors in the load runner.
go to online monitors in the controller and select windows resource graph and right click on the monitor select add measurments.Now you get one window there you can add all monitors by giving ip address of that servers.

Explain about the Test Fusion Report of QTP ?
Once a tester has run a test, a TestFusion report displays all aspects of the test run: a high-level results overview, an expandable Tree View of the test specifying exactly where application failures occurred, the test data used, application screen shots for every step that highlight any discrepancies, and detailed explanations of each checkpoint pass and failure. By combining TestFusion reports with QuickTest Professional, you can share reports across an entire QA and development team.

What is alfa testing and beta testing in qtp?
alfa testing done in the developer controlled environment and beta testing is done by end user

Define virtual object in QTP?
Sometimes QTP do not recognize objects in the application, which is developed in unsupported environment, then we are making the QTP to identify that object in the application.

What is the difference between HTML and URL recording?
HTML - hyper text markup language its a programing language where as url is uniform resource locater which will directs to particular location based on the path.

How will you choose a tool for test automation?
Discuss QTP Environment.
QuickTest Pro environment using the graphical interface and ActiveScreen technologies - A testing process for creating test scripts, relating manual test requirements to automated verification features - Data driving to use several sets of data using one test script.

Why QTP is called advanced keyword driven test?
ADV because it is the cluster of older versions.keyword driven means it's a architecture which it is based.

What is bottle neck? in LOad runner?
A bottleneck, in a communications context, is a point in the enterprise where the flow of data is impaired or stopped entirely. Effectively, there isn't enough data handling capacity to handle the current volume of traffic. A bottleneck can occur in the user network or storage fabric or within servers where there is excessive contention for internal server resources, such as CPU processing power, memory, or I/O (input/output). As a result, data flow slows down to the speed of the slowest point in the data path. This slow down affects application performance, especially for databases and other heavy transactional applications, and can even cause some applications to crash.

Describe some problem that you had with automating testing tool.
1.Incomplete coverage
2.Alternate text
3.color issues

Explain the terms Test Object Model, Test Object & Run-Time object?
The test object model is a large set of object types or classes that QuickTest uses to represent the objects in your application. Each test object class has a list of properties that can uniquely identify objects of that class and a set of relevant methods that QuickTest can record for it. A test object is an object that QuickTest creates in the test or component to represent the actual object in your application. QuickTest stores information about the object that will help it identify and check the object during the run session. A run-time object is the actual object in your Web site or application on which methods are performed during the run session.

Whats? the QTP testing process?
QTP testing process consist of seven steps-
* Preparing to recoding
* Recording
* Enhancing your script
* Debugging
* Run
* Analyze
* Report Defects (more?)

What r the types of flat files in QTP?
Flat files in QTP are:
1. Notepad
2. Wordpad
3. excel sheet

What is regular expression in QTP?
Regular expressions enable Quick Test to identify objects and text strings with varying values.
You can use regular expressions when defining the properties of an object, the methods of an argument, when parameterizing a step, and when creating checkpoints with varying values.
A regular expression is a string that specifies a complex search phrase. By using special characters such as a period (.), asterisk (*), caret (^), and brackets ([ ]), you define the conditions of the search.
we can write the user defined in a notepad and save the file as .vbs and we then associate that to Test-Settings-Resources-Associate Library Files by clicking plus and select the .vbs file. In the script we can call the function with function name ().

How can you do the manual correlation in load runner?
correlation is a process of handling dynamic data generated by the server
manual correlation
web_reg_save param("sessionid=","lb=")

How many tabs are available in Debug Viewer Pane?
The Debug Viewer pane contains three tabs to assist you in debugging your test or component?Watch Expressions, Variables, and Command. Watch Expressions The Watch Expressions tab enables you to view the current value of any variable or other VBScript expression. Variables The Variables tab enables you to view the current value of all variables that have been recognized up to the last step performed in the run session. Command The Command tab enables you to execute a line of script in order to set or modify the current value of a variable or VBScript object in your test or component. When you continue the run session, QuickTest uses the new value that was set in the command.

What are assistive properties or an ordinal identifier?
When mandatory property values are not sufficient to uniquely identify the object within its parent object, QuickTest adds some assistive properties and/or an ordinal identifier to create a unique description. Note: You can retrieve or modify property values of the test object during the run session by adding GetTOProperty and SetTOProperty statements in the Keyword View or Expert View. You can retrieve property values of the runtime object during the run session by adding GetROProperty statements. If the available test object methods or properties for an object do not provide the functionality you need, you can access the internal methods and properties of any run-time object using the Object property. You can also use the attribute object property to identify Web objects in your application according to user-defined properties.

How can i check if a parameter exists in DataTable or not?
The best way would be to use the below code:
on error resume next
val=DataTable("ParamName",dtGlobalSheet)
if err.number<> 0 then
'Parameter does not exist
else
'Parameter exists
end if

How to handle dynamic objects in QTP?
QTP has a unique feature called Smart Object Identification/recognition. QTP generally identifies an object by matching its test object and run time object properties. QTP may fail to recognise the dynamic objects whose properties change during run time. Hence it has an option of enabling Smart Identification, wherein it can identify the objects even if their properties changes during run time. Check this out-
If QuickTest is unable to find any object that matches the recorded object description, or if it finds more than one object that fits the description, then QuickTest ignores the recorded description, and uses the Smart Identification mechanism to try to identify the object. While the Smart Identification mechanism is more complex, it is more flexible, and thus, if configured logically, a Smart Identification definition can probably help QuickTest identify an object, if it is present, even when the recorded description fails.

what is Full form of QTP?
Quick Test Professional.

How to analyzing Test Results using QTP?
When QuickTest finishes running the test, the Test Results window opens.
Initially, the Test Results window contains two panes for displaying the key elements of your test run.
. The left pane displays the results tree, an icon-based view of the steps that were performed while the test was running. The results tree is organized according to the Web pages visited during the test run and can be expanded (+) to view each step. The steps performed during the test run are represented by icons in the tree. You can instruct QuickTest to run a test or action more than once using different sets of data in each run. Each test run is called an iteration, and each iteration is numbered. (The test you ran had only one iteration.)
. The right pane displays the test results details. The iteration summary table indicates which iterations passed and which failed. The status summary table indicates the number of checkpoints or reports that passed, failed, and raised warnings during the test.
1 View the test results for a specific step.
In the results tree, expand (+) Test Recording Summary > Recording Iteration 1 (Row 1) > Action1 Summary > your application > your test name .
The Test Results window now contains three panes, displaying:
. the results tree, with one step highlighted
. the test results details of the highlighted step
. the Active Screen, showing a screen capture of the Web page on which the step was performed.
When you click a page in the results tree, QuickTest displays the corresponding page in the application view. When you click a step (an operation performed on an object) in the results tree, the corresponding object is highlighted in the application view. In this case, the Departing From text box is highlighted.

In how many ways we can add check points to an application using QTP.
We can add checkpoints while recording the application or we can add after recording is completed using Active screen (Note : To perform the second one The Active screen must be enabled while recording)
We Can add Checkpoints While Recording and Editing but the process is that we can add Checkpoints in two They are listed below.
1.By Right Clicking the Statemet or line of Script in tyhe keyword view(it is only for standerd check point).This method is Available only for Keywordview.
2.go to insert menu insert check point in this we can insert all kinds of check points this method is available for both keyword view and exper view.

Explain the terms Password Encoder, Remote Agent, Test Batch Runner, Test Results Deletion tool?
Password Encoder?enables you to encode passwords. You can use the resulting strings as method arguments or Data Table parameter values. Remote Agent?determines how QuickTest behaves when a test or component is run by a remote application such as Quality Center. Test Batch Runner?enables you to set up QuickTest to run several tests in succession. Test Results Deletion Tool?enables you to delete unwanted or obsolete results from your system according to specific criteria that you define.

Explain different types of checkpoints?
There are 10 types of checkpoints you can insert: Standard Checkpoint checks the property value of an object in your application or Web page. The standard checkpoint checks a variety of objects such as buttons, radio buttons, combo boxes, lists, etc. Image Checkpoint checks the value of an image in your application or Web page. For example, you can check that a selected image?s source file is correct. Bitmap Checkpoint checks an area of your Web page or application as a bitmap. Table Checkpoint checks information within a table. For example, suppose your application or Web site contains a table listing all available flights from New York to San Francisco. You can add a table checkpoint to check that the time of the first flight in the table is correct. Text Checkpoint checks that a text string is displayed in the appropriate place in your application or on a Web page. Text Area Checkpoint checks that a text string is displayed within a defined area in a Windows application, according to specified criteria. Accessibility Checkpoint identifies areas of your Web site that may not conform to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. Page Checkpoint checks the characteristics of a Web page. For example, you can check how long a Web page takes to load or whether a Web page contains broken links. Database Checkpoint checks the contents of a database accessed by your application. XML Checkpoint checks the data content of XML documents in XML files or XML documents in Web pages and frames.
XML checkpoint checks the values entered on dynamic pages are converted into xml file.

Explain the terms ?TEST? and ? Business Component?
Test?A collection of steps organized into one or more actions, which are used to verify that your application performs as expected. By default each test begins with a single action. Business Component?A collection of steps representing a single task in your application. Business components (also known as components) are combined into specific scenarios to build business process tests in Mercury Quality Center with Business Process Testing. A component does not contain actions, you add steps directly to a componenet.

How to verify the Cursor focus of a certain field?
From menu bar, select resources > object repository. In the object repository dialog box from the object repository tree select any object then go to menu bar of object repository and select view> highlight in apllication.

How to export data present in Datatable to an ?.xls? file?
DataTable.Export ??.xls file name??
Syntact for how to call one script from another? and Syntax to call one ?Action? in another?
RunAction ActionName, [IterationMode , IterationRange , Parameters]
Here the actions becomes reusable on making this call to any Action.
IterationRange String Not always required. Indicates the rows for which action iterations will be performed. Valid only when the IterationMode is rngIterations. Enter the row range (i.e. ?1-7″), or enter rngAll to run iterations on all rows.
If the action called by the RunAction statement includes an ExitAction statement, the RunAction statement can return the value of the ExitAction?s RetVal argument.
1. Datatable.Export "path of the excel file"
It is used for exporting the entire data present in the runtime data table.
2. Datatable.ExportSheet "path of the excel file", Sheet ID to be exported
It is used for exporting a specified sheet of data from the runtime data table.
(I think we can ask the question like this: How to export data from a runtime datatable)

What is the file extension of the code file & object repository file in QTP?
File extension of
? Per test object rep :- filename.mtr
? Shared Oject rep :- filename.tsr
Code file extension id script.mts

How to open excel sheet using QTP script?
You can open excel in QTP by using the following command
System.Util.Run?Path of the file?
you can open any excel file by using systemutil.run("path")

How to verify the Cursor focus of a certain field?
Use ?focus? property of ?GetRoProperty? method?
From menu bar, select resources > object repository. In the object repository dialog box from the object repository tree select any object then go to menu bar of object repository and select view> highlight in apllication.

How does Parameterization and Data-Driving relate to each other in QTP?
To datadrive we have to parameterize.i.e. we have to make the constant value as parameter, so that in each iteraration(cycle) it takes a value that is supplied in run-time datatable. Through parameterization only we can drive a transaction(action) with different sets of data. You know running the script with the same set of data several times is not suggestable, & it?s also of no use.

How to open a new test using QTP?
1. If QuickTest is not currently open, choose Start > Programs > QuickTest Professional > QuickTest Professional. If the Welcome window opens, click Blank Test. Otherwise, choose File > New, or click the New button. A blank test opens. 2. . If QuickTest is already open, check which add-ins are loaded by selecting Help > About QuickTest Professional. If the Web Add-in is not loaded, you must exit and restart QuickTest. When the Add-in Manager opens, select the Web Add-in, and clear all other add-ins. Choose File > New, or click the New button. A blank test opens.

What are the key elements of a QTP window?
The QuickTest window contains the following key elements: ? QuickTest title bar?Displays the name of the currently open test or component. ? Menu bar?Displays menus of QuickTest commands. ? File toolbar?Contains buttons to assist you in managing your test or component. ? Testing toolbar?Contains buttons to assist you in the testing process. ? Debug toolbar?Contains buttons to assist you in debugging your test or component (not displayed by default). ? Action toolbar?Contains buttons and a list of actions, enabling you to view the details of an individual action or the entire test flow. ? Test pane?Contains the Keyword View and Expert View tabs. ? Active Screen?Provides a snapshot of your application as it appeared when you performed a certain step during the recording session. ? Data Table?Assists you in parameterizing your test or component. For a test, the Data Table contains the Global tab and a tab for each action. For a component, the Data Table contains single tab. ? Debug Viewer pane?Assists you in debugging your test or component. The Debug Viewer pane contains the Watch Expressions, Variables, and Command tabs (not displayed by default). ? Status bar?Displays the status of the QuickTest application.
Active screen is used to capture the snapshots of each and every script statements, for easy analysing, and enhancing the test script.

How many toolbars QTP has?
QuickTest has 4 built-in toolbars: 1. The File toolbar 2. The Testing toolbar 3. The Debug toolbar 4. Action toolbar The Action toolbar is available in the Keyword View and contains options that enable you to view all actions in the test flow or to view the details of a selected action. The Action toolbar is not available for components.

How Does Run time data (Parameterization) is handled in QTP?
You can then enter test data into the Data Table, an integrated spreadsheet with the full functionality of Excel, to manipulate data sets and create multiple test iterations, without programming, to expand test case coverage. Data can be typed in or imported from databases, spreadsheets, or text files.
Explain about the Test Fusion Report of QTP ?
Once a tester has run a test, a TestFusion report displays all aspects of the test run: a high-level results overview, an expandable Tree View of the test specifying exactly where application failures occurred, the test data used, application screen shots for every step that highlight any discrepancies, and detailed explanations of each checkpoint pass and failure. By combining TestFusion reports with QuickTest Professional, you can share reports across an entire QA and development team.
Once after running the test, The test fusion report displays the Results report, and a collapsible & expandable tree view of all the executed steps(run time) along with the screen shots of each and every step and the test data that has been used while running the test. It also enables us to know where exactly if any errors occurred during the run. By seeing the screen shot of the error step we can edit / modify the script and re run the script. Normally by combining the test fusion reports with QTP you can share all the documents / reports among the Quality and development teams.

What is the difference between check point and output value.
An outPut value is a value captured during the test run and entered in the run-time but to a specified location. EX:-Location in Data Table[Global sheet / local sheet]
Types of properties that Quick Test learns while recording?
(a) Mandatory (b) Assistive . In addition to recording the mandatory and assistive properties specified in the Object Identification dialog box, QuickTest can also record a backup ordinal identifier for each test object. The ordinal identifier assigns the object a numerical value that indicates its order relative to other objects with an otherwise identical description (objects that have the same values for all properties specified in the mandatory and assistive property lists). This ordered value enables QuickTest to create a unique description when the mandatory and assistive properties are not sufficient to do so.

What is the lservrc file in QTP?
The lservrc file contains the license codes that have been installed
The lservrc file contains the license codes that have been installed. Whenever a new license is created, the license code is automatically added to this file. The lservrc file is a text file, with no extension.
File Location:

1) For a Concurrent (Floating) license installation:
"#server installation directory##language#"
Example:
C:Program FilesXYZ TechnologiesABC ServerEnglishlservrc
2) For a Seat (Stand-alone) license installation:
#AQT/QTP installation directory#in"
Example:
C:Program FilesMercury InteractiveQuickTest ProfessionalBinlservrc

When to use a Recovery Scenario and when to us on error resume next?
Recovery scenarios are used when you cannot predict at what step the error can occur or when you know that error won't occur in your QTP script but could occur in the world outside QTP, again the example would be "out of paper", as this error is caused by printer device driver. "On error resume next" should be used when you know if an error is expected and don?t want to raise it, you may want to have different actions depending upon the error that occurred. Use err.number & err.description to get more details about the error.

What is a Run-Time Data Table? Where can I find and view this table?
-In QTP, there is data table used , which is used at runtime.
-In QTP, select the option View->Data tabke.
-This is basically an excel file, which is stored in the folder of the test created, its name is Default.xls by default. there are two types of datatable 1)is design time datatable 2)run time datatable.
run time datatable is created by the QTP at execution time and it can be viewed in the test results.

How many types of Parameters are available in QTP?
QTP provides three types of Parameter-
* Method Argument
* Data Driven
* Dynamic

The Smart Identification mechanism uses two types of properties:
Base filter properties?The most fundamental properties of a particular test object class; those whose values cannot be changed without changing the essence of the original object. For example, if a Web link?s tag was changed from to any other value, you could no longer call it the same object. Optional filter properties?Other properties that can help identify objects of a particular class as they are unlikely to change on a regular basis, but which can be ignored if they are no longer applicable.

How to export QTP results to an ?.xls? file?
By default it creates an ?XML? file and displays the results

How to do the scripting. Is there any inbuilt functions in QTP as in QTP-S. Whatz the difference between them? how to handle script issues?
Yes, there?s an in-built functionality called ?Step Generator? in Insert->Step->Step Generator -F7, which will generate the scripts as u enter the appropriate steps.

How to use environment variable?
A simple definition could be... it is a variable which can be used across the reusable actions and is not limited to one reusable action.
There are two types of environment variables:
1. User-defined
2. Built-in
We can retrieve the value of any environment variable. But we can set the value of only user-defined environment variables.
To set the value of a user-defined environment variable:
Environment (VariableName) = NewValue
To retrieve the value of a loaded environment variable:
CurrValue = Environment (VariableName)
Example
The following example creates a new internal user-defined variable named MyVariable with a value of 10, and then retrieves the variable value and stores it in the MyValue variable.
Environment.Value("MyVariable")=10
MyValue=Environment.Value("MyVariable")

why we use normal brain in object identification when we have smart brain?
when we have seen an object first time, it is necessary to find all the information about an object. & no mind have any idea about first time observed object.

Which keyword used for run the test script?
F5

How many types of Actions are there in QTP?
There are three kinds of actions:non-reusable action?an action that can be called only in the test with which it is stored, and can be called only once. reusable action?an action that can be called multiple times by the test with which it is stored (the local test) as well as by other tests.
external action?a reusable action stored with another test. External actions are read-only in the calling test, but you can choose to use a local, editable copy of the Data Table information for the external action.
Analyzing the Checpoint results
Standard Checpoint :By adding standard checkpoints to your tests or components, you can compare the expected values of object properties to the object?s current values during a run session. If the results do not match, the checkpoint fails.

How to rename a checkpoint (QTP 9.0)?
Example:
Window("Notepad").WinEditor("Edit").Check CheckPoint("Edit")
In the above example, the user would like to change the name of the CheckPoint object from "Edit" to something more meaningful.
Note:
This functionality is new to QuickTest Professional 9.0.This is not available for QTP 8.2 and below.
1. Right-click on the Checkpoint step in the Keyword View or on the Checkpoint object in Expert View.
2. Select "Checkpoint Properties" from the pop-up menu.
3. In the Name field, enter the new checkpoint name.
4. Click . The name of the checkpoint object will be updated within the script.
Example:
Window("Notepad").WinEditor("Edit").Check CheckPoint("NewCheckPointName")
Note:
You must use the QuickTest Professional user interface to change the name of the checkpoint. If you manually change the name of the checkpoint in the script, QuickTest Professional will generate an error during replay. The error message will be similar to the following:
"The "" CheckPoint object was not found in the Object Repository. Check the Object Repository to confirm that the object exists or to find the correct name for the object."
The CheckPoint object is not a visible object within the object repository, so if you manually modify the name, you may need to recreate the checkpoint to resolve the error.

What are the views available in QTP?
(1) Keyword View (2) Expert View

Differences between QTP & Winrunner?
(a) QTP is object bases Scripting ( VBS) where Winrunner is TSL (C based) Scripting.
(b) QTP supports ?.NET? application Automation not available in Winrunner
(c) QTP has ?Active Screen? support which captures the application, not available in WR.
(d) QTP has ?Data Table? to store script values , variables which WR does not have.
(e) Using a ?point and click? capability you can easily interface with objects, their definitions and create checkpoints after having recorded a script ? without having to navigate back to that location in your application like you have to with WinRunner. This greatly speeds up script development.
Few basic questions on commonly used Excel VBA functions.
common functions are:
Coloring the cell
Auto fit cell
setting navigation from link in one cell to other saving.

How to Creating an Output Value using QTP?
1 Start QuickTest and open the Parameter test.
2 Save the test as Output.
3 Confirm that the Active Screen option is enabled.
4 Select the text you want to use as an output value.
5 Set the output value settings.
6 Modify the table checkpoint.
7 Save the test.
What does it mean when a check point is in red color? what do u do?
A red color indicates failure. Here we analyze the the cause for failure whether it is a Script Issue or Envronment Issue or a Application issue.

How to ?Turn Off? QTP results after running a Script?
Goto ?Tools > Options > Run Tab? and Deselect ?View results when run session ends?. But this supresses only the result window, but a og will be created and can viewed manulaly which cannot be restricted from getting created.

What is a Run-Time data table?
The test results tree also includes the table-shaped icon that displays the run-time data table-a table that shows the values used to run a test containing data table parameters or the data table output values retrieved from a application under test.

What?s the Bitmap Checkpoint?
Bitmap Checkpoint checks the bitmap images in your web page or application.it is used for checking whether the expected pixel are available in the select area of the application.

Common features found in both WinRunner and QuickTest Pro:
Record/Replay ODBC & Excel Connectivity
Code Editor & Debugger Recovery Manager
Shared Object Repository Rapid Object Import
Numerous Checkpoints Analog
Script & Function Libraries
WinRunner Only Environments:
Function Generator Database Integration
Run Wizard TSL
MDI
QuickTest Pro Only Environments:
ActiveScreen TestGuard
Tree View ScriptFusion
Data Table VBScript
Function Generator*
(coming in v7.0) Run Wizard*
(coming in v7.0)

How many Add-ins comes by default with QTP?
There are 3 Add-ins comes with QTP: (1) ActiveX (2) Visual Basic (3) Web
By default three Add-ins, and one more add-in is there in QTP, which we can see that is
4. window base.

What is the difference between an Action and a function?
Action is a thing specific to QTP while functions are a generic thing which is a feature of VB Scripting. Action can have a object repository associated with it while a function can't. A function is just lines of code with some/none parameters and a single return value while an action can have more than one output parameters.

Discuss QTP Environment.
QuickTest Pro environment using the graphical interface and ActiveScreen technologies - A testing process for creating test scripts, relating manual test requirements to automated verification features - Data driving to use several sets of data using one test script.

Which environments are supported by Table Checkpoint?
Table Checkpoints are supported only ActiveX environment.

What are the files and subfolders of a QuickTest Professional test?
The files and folders hold binary and text data that are required for the test to run successfully.
The following table provides a description, the type, and comments regarding the files that make up a QuickTest Professional test.
File Name Description Type Comments Regarding File
Test.tsp Test settings Binary Do not edit
Default.xls Data table parameters Excel similar Can be edited using Excel
Parameters.mtr Parameterization information Binary Do not edit
Action Action folder (See other table)  

 

Default.cfg Load test configuration file Text Do not edit
Default.prm Load test configuration file Text Do not edit
Default.usp Load test configuration file Text Do not edit
.usr Load test configuration file Text Do not edit
Thick_usr.dat Load test configuration file Text Do not edit
Thin_usr.dat Load test configuration file Text Do not edit
Files within Action folder:
File Name Description Type Comments Regarding File
Script.mts Action script Text Edit text preceding the @@ sign only
Resource.mtr Object Repository Binary Do not edit
Snapshots Active screen files Folder Do not edit
There are few more files extensions like
.MTB Batch File
.LCK Locked

How does Parameterization and Data-Driving relate to each other in QTP?
To datadrive we have to parameterize.i.e. we have to make the constant value as parameter, so that in each iteraration(cycle) it takes a value that is supplied in run-time datatable. Through parameterization only we can drive a transaction(action) with different sets of data. You know running the script with the same set of data several times is not suggestable, & it?s also of no use.

How QTP recognizes Objects in AUT?
QuickTest stores the definitions for application objects in a file called the Object Repository. As you record your test, QuickTest will add an entry for each item you interact with. Each Object Repository entry will be identified by a logical name (determined automatically by QuickTest), and will contain a set of properties (type, name, etc) that uniquely identify each object. Each line in the QuickTest script will contain a reference to the object that you interacted with, a call to the appropriate method (set, click, check) and any parameters for that method (such as the value for a call to the set method). The references to objects in the script will all be identified by the logical name, rather than any physical, descriptive properties.

In how many ways we can add check points to an application using QTP?
We can add checkpoints while recording the application or we can add after recording is completed using Active screen (Note : To perform the second one The Active screen must be enabled while recording).

If an application name is changes frequently i.e while recording it has name, in this case how does QTP handles?
If an application name is changes frequently i.e while recording it has name ?Window1? and then while running its ?Windows2? in this case how does QTP handles? QTP handles those situations using ?Regular Expressions?. ?

What the differences are and best practical application of each.
Per Action: For Each Action, one Object Repository is created.
Shared : One Object Repository is used by entire application.

What does it mean when a check point is in red color? what do u do?
A red color indicates failure. Here we analyze the cause for failure whether it is a Script Issue or Environment Issue or a Application issue.

How to Defining a Data Table Parameter for QTP?
1 Start QuickTest and open the Checkpoint test.
2 Save the test as Parameter.
3 Confirm that the Active Screen option is enabled.
4 Confirm that the Data Table option is enabled.
5 Select the text to parameterize.
6 Set the parameterization properties.
How to add a runtime parameter to a datasheet?
DataTable.LocalSheet
The following example uses the LocalSheet property to return the local sheet of the run-time Data Table in order to add a parameter (column) to it.
MyParam=DataTable.LocalSheet.AddParameter(?Time?, ?5:45″)
How to change the run-time value of a property for an object?
SetTOProperty changes the property values used to identify an object during the test run. Only properties that are included in the test object description can be set
How to retrieve the property of an object?
using ?GetRoProperty?.

What are the properties we can use for identifying a browser and page when using descriptive programming?
The name property is used to identify the browser and the title property is used to identify the page.

Explain in brief about the QTP Automation Object Model.
Essentially all configuration and run functionality provided via the QuickTest interface is in some way represented in the QuickTest automation object model via objects, methods, and properties. Although a one-on-one comparison cannot always be made, most dialog boxes in QuickTest have a corresponding automation object, most options in dialog boxes can be set and/or retrieved using the corresponding object property, and most menu commands and other operations have corresponding automation methods. You can use the objects, methods, and properties exposed by the QuickTest automation object model, along with standard programming elements such as loops and conditional statements to design your program.

What is the difference between check point and output value.
I would like to add some stuff to Kalpana?s comments.
It is as follows:-
An outPut value is a value captured during the test run and entered in the run-time but to a specified location.
EX:-Location in Data Table[Global sheet / local sheet]

What is Active Screen?
The Active Screen provides a snapshot of your application as it appeared when you performed a certain step during a recording session.
Active screenis provided by QTP which holds snapshort related to each and every script statement and used to following
1. Easly understanding script.
2. Easly Enhanced script.

How to use the Object spy in QTP 8.0 version?
There are two ways to Spy the objects in QTP
1) Thru file toolbar
?In the File ToolBar click on the last toolbar button (an icon showing a person with hat).
2) Tru Object repository Dialog
?In Objectrepository dialog click on the button?object spy??
In the Object spy Dialog click on the button showing hand symbol. the pointer now changes in to a hand symbol and we have to point out the object to spy the state of the object if at all the object is not visible..or window is minimised then Hold the Ctrl button and activate the required window to and release the Ctrl button.

How to use the Object spy in QTP 8.0 version?
There are two ways to Spy the objects in QTP
1) Thru file toolbar
?In the File ToolBar click on the last toolbar button (an icon showing a person with hat).
2) Tru Object repository Dialog
?In Objectrepository dialog click on the button?object spy??
In the Object spy Dialog click on the button showing hand symbol.
the pointer now changes in to a hand symbol and we have to point out the object to spy the state of the object
if at all the object is not visible..or window is minimised then Hold the Ctrl button and activate the required window to and release the Ctrl button.

What is the use of working with actions?
To design a modular and efficient tests
By converting a script into an action we can reuse the script.
actions are two types
1. Reusable action
2. non reusable action
A Reusable action is used to call the action multiple times in multiple scripts.

What?s the Expert View?
Expert View display the Test Script.

How to handle the exceptions using recovery secnario manager in Qtp?
You can instruct QTP to recover unexpected events or errors that occured in your testing environment during test run. Recovery scenario manager provides a wizard that guides you through the defining recovery scenario. Recovery scenario has three steps
1. Triggered Events
2. Recovery steps
3. Post Recovery Test-Run

What is Object Spy in QTP?
Using the Object Spy, you can view the properties of any object in an open application. You use the Object Spy pointer to point to an object. The Object Spy displays the selected object?s hierarchy tree and its properties and values in the Properties tab of the Object Spy dialog box.

What is the Diff between Image check-point and Bit map Check point?
Image checkpoints enable you to check the properties of a Web image. You can check an area of a Web page or application as a bitmap. While creating a test or component, you specify the area you want to check by selecting an object. You can check an entire object or any area within an object. QuickTest captures the specified object as a bitmap, and inserts a checkpoint in the test or component. You can also choose to save only the selected area of the object with your test or component in order to save disk Space For example, suppose you have a Web site that can display a map of a city the user specifies. The map has control keys for zooming. You can record the new map that is displayed after one click on the control key that zooms in the map. Using the bitmap checkpoint, you can check that the map zooms in correctly.
You can create bitmap checkpoints for all supported testing environments (as long as the appropriate add-ins are loaded).
Note: The results of bitmap checkpoints may be affected by factors such as operating system, screen resolution, and color settings.

What is parameter?
A parameter is a variable that is assigned a value from an external data source or generator. If you wish to parameterize the same value in several steps in your test or component, you may want to consider using the Data Driver rather than adding parameters manually.

How many types of parameters are there?
There are four types of parameters: 1. Test, action or component parameters 2. Data Table parameters 3. Environment variable parameters 4. Random number parameters Test, action or component parameters enable you to use values passed from your test or component, or values from other actions in your test.0 Data Table parameters enable you to create a data-driven test (or action) that runs several times using the data you supply. In each repetition, or iteration, QuickTest uses a different value from the Data Table. Environment variable parameters enable you to use variable values from other sources during the run session. These may be values you supply, or values that QuickTest generates for you based on conditions and options you choose. Random number parameters enable you to insert random numbers as values in your test or component.

What are the properties you would use for identifying a browser & page when using descriptive programming ?
?name? would be another property apart from ?title? that we can use. OR We can also use the property ?micClass?. ex: Browser(?micClass:=browser?).page(?micClass:=page?)?.

How does QTP identifies the object in the application?
QTP identifies the object in the application by LogicalName and Class. For example: The Edit box is identified by Logical Name : PSOPTIONS_BSE_TIME20 Class: WebEdit ?
IF we use batch testing.the result shown for last action only.in that how can i get result for every action.
You can click on the icon in the tree view to view the result of every action
WinRunner Compared to QuickTest Pro
Environment Coverage Comparison:
We can identify objects in application with the help of Objectspy. so that you can know the class name and property value of the particular object.

What the differences are and best practical application of each.
Per Action: For Each Action, one Object Repository is created. Shared : One Object Repository is used by entire application.

Which environment are supported by Test Checkpoint?
Text Checkpoint are supported all add-in environments

What are the Features & Benefits of Quick Test Pro(QTP)..?
1. Key word driven testing
2. Suitable for both client server and web based application
3. Vb script as the scriot language
4. Better error handling mechanism
5. Excellent data driven testing features.

What projects have you used WinRunner on? Tell me about some of the challenges that arose and how you handled them.
pbs :WR fails to identify the object in gui. If there is a non std window obk wr cannot recognize it ,we use GUI SPY for that to handle such situation.
Can you do more than just capture and playback?
I have done Dynamically capturing the objects during runtime in which no recording, no playback and no use of repository is done AT ALL.
-It was done by the windows scripting using the DOM(Document Object Model) of the windows.

What are the different scripting languages you could use when working with QTP ?
Visual Basic (VB),XML,JavaScript,Java,HTML.

I want to open a Notepad window without recording a test and I do not want to use SystemUtil.Run command as well How do I do this?
U can still make the notepad open without using the record or System utility script, just by mentioning the path of the notepad ?( i.e., where the notepad.exe is stored in the system) in the ?Windows Applications Tab? of the ?Record and Run Settings window. T.

Which keyword used for stop the recording?
F4

Does QuickTest Professional support Firefox?
QuickTest Professional 9.1 and 9.2
QuickTest Professional 9.1 provides replay support for Mozilla Firefox 1.5 and Mozilla Firefox 2.0 Alpha 3 (Alpha-level support for Bon Echo 2.0a3).
Notes:
QuickTest Professional 9.1 will not record on FireFox. You can record a test on Microsoft Internet Explorer and run it on any other supported browser, such as FireFox.
The .Object property for web objects is not supported in FireFox.

Does QuickTest Professional support Internet Explorer 7.0?
QuickTest Professional 9.1
QuickTest Professional 9.1 supports Microsoft Internet Explorer 7.0 Beta 3. Internet Explorer version 7.0 is now certified to work and to be tested with QuickTest Professional version 9.1.
QuickTest Professional 9.0
QuickTest Professional 9.0 supports Internet Explorer 7.0 Beta 2.
QuickTest Professional 8.2 and below
QuickTest Professional 8.2 and below do not include support for Internet Explorer 7.0.

What the differences are and best practical application of each.
Per Action: For Each Action, one Object Repository is created.
Shared : One Object Repository is used by entire application.

How to use the Object spy in QTP 8.0 version?
There are two ways to Spy the objects in QTP
1) Thru file toolbar
?In the File ToolBar click on the last toolbar button (an icon showing a person with hat).
2) Tru Object repository Dialog
?In Objectrepository dialog click on the button?object spy??
In the Object spy Dialog click on the button showing hand symbol.
the pointer now changes in to a hand symbol and we have to point out the object to spy the state of the object
if at all the object is not visible..or window is minimised then Hold the Ctrl button and activate the required window to and release the Ctrl button.

Can we Script any test case with out having Object repository? or Using Object Repository is a must?
No. U can script with out Object repository by knowing the Window Handlers, spying and recognizing the objects logical names and properties available.

How can i check if a checkpoint passes or not?
chk_PassFail = Browser(...).Page(...).WebEdit(...).Check (Checkpoint("Check1"))
if chk_PassFail then
MsgBox "Check Point passed"
else MsgBox "Check Point failed"
end if

How to supress warnings from the ?Test results page?
From the Test results Viewer ?Tools > Filters > Warnings??must be ?Unchecked?.

Differentiate the two Object Repository Types of QTP.
Object repository is used to store all the objects in the application being tested.2 types of oject repositoy per action and shared. In shared repository only one centralised repository for all the tests. where as in per action.for each test a separate per action repostory is created.
We have two types of object repositories,one is local and another one is shared object repository.
local:-if objects are stored in local object repository then these are available to the specific actions but not all the actions.
shared:-if these objects are stored in one or more shared object repositories,then multiple actions or test can use them.

What are the types of Object Repositorys in QTP?
QuickTest has two types of object repositories for storing object information: shared object repositories and action object repositories. You can choose which type of object repository you want to use as the default type for new tests, and you can change the default as necessary for each new test. The object repository per-action mode is the default setting. In this mode, QuickTest automatically creates an object repository file for each action in your test so that you can create and run tests without creating, choosing, or modifying object repository files. However, if you do modify values in an action object repository, your changes do not have any effect on other actions. Therefore, if the same test object exists in more than one action and you modify an object?s property values in one action, you may need to make the same change in every action (and any test) containing the object.

What do you mean by iteration ?
Each run session that uses a different set of parameterized data is called an iteration.

Explain the keyword createobject with example
createobject is used to create and return a reference to an automation object.
For example:
Dim ExcelSheetSet
ExcelSheet=createobject(?Excel.Sheet?)

Explain what the difference between Shared Repository and Per_Action Repository
Shared Repository: Entire application uses one Object Repository , that similar to Global GUI Map file in WinRunner
Per Action: For each Action ,one Object Repository is created, like GUI map file per test in WinRunner.

Which keyword used for Nornam Recording?
F3

What are the Features & Benefits of Quick Test Pro(QTP)?
1. Key word driven testing
2. Suitable for both client server and web based application
3. Vb script as the scriot language
4. Better error handling mechanism
5. Excellent data driven testing features.

What is the extension of script and object repository files?
Object Repository : .tsr , Script : .mts, Excel : Default.xls

To which environments does QTP supports ?
QuickTest Professional supports functional testing of all enterprise environments, including Windows, Web, ..NET, Java/J2EE, SAP, Siebel, Oracle, PeopleSoft, Visual Basic, ActiveX, mainframe terminal emulators, and Web services.

What are all the components of QTP test
QTP test script is a combination of VB script statements and statements that use QuickTest test objects ,methods and properties.

How to add a standard checkpoint in your test ?
1. Start QuickTest and open your test.
In the Open Test dialog box, locate and select your test, then click Open.
2. Save the test as Checkpoint.
Select File > Save As. Save the test as Checkpoint.
3. Confirm that the Active Screen option is enabled.
If you do not see the Active Screen at the bottom of the QuickTest window, click the Active Screen button, or choose View > Active Screen.
4. Locate the page where you want to add a standard checkpoint.
5 Create a standard checkpoint.
In the Active Screen, right-click element in your application and choose Insert Standard Checkpoint.
6 Save the test.

Any limitation to XML Checkpoints?
Mercury has determined that 1.4MB is the maximum size of a XML file that QTP 6.5 can handle.

Common environments shared by both WinRunner and QuickTest Pro:
Web-Related Environments IE, Netscape, AOL
JDK, Java Foundation Classes, AWT
Symantec Visual Caf?r>ActiveX Controls
ERP/CRM Oracle: Jinitiator, 11i, NCA
Custom Client Server Windows
C++/C
Visual Basic
Operating Systems Windows 98, 2000, NT, ME, XP
Legacy 3270, 5250 Emulators
VT100

What is object Repository ?Explain different types of Object Repositories?
QuickTest identifies objects in your application based on a set of test object properties. It stores the object data it learns in the object repository. You can save your objects either in a shared object repository or in action object repository. In shared object repository mode, you can use one object repository file for multiple tests or components. In object repository peraction mode, QuickTest automatically creates an object repository file for each action in your test. Object repository per-action mode is not available for components.
object repository: it is a storage where one can can store the object information and also it as a interface between the test script and AUT.
there are two types of object repositories.
1.local repository:for each and every action in the test one separate local repository will be created and maintained by the Q.T.P
2.SHARED REPOSITORY: it can be shared among many actions.

What is the use of data table in QTP?
parameterizing the test.

How qtp recognises an objects using run time properties test object
When you run your test, QuickTest creates a temporary version of the test object that is stored in the test object repository.By this it will recognise the objects.

How the exception handling can be done using QTP
It can be done Using the Recovery Scenario Manager which provides a wizard that gudies you through the process of defining a recovery scenario. FYI.. The wizard could be accesed in QTP> Tools-> Recovery Scenario Manager ??.

Explain different recording modes ?
QuickTest?s normal recording mode records the objects in your application and the operations performed on them. This mode is the default and takes full advantage of QuickTest?s test object model, recognizing the objects in your application regardless of their location on the screen. Analog Recording - enables you to record the exact mouse and keyboard operations you perform in relation to either the screen or the application window. In this recording mode, QuickTest records and tracks every movement of the mouse as you drag the mouse around a screen or window. This mode is useful for recording operations that cannot be recorded at the level of an object, for example, recording a signature produced by dragging the mouse. Note: You cannot edit analog recording steps from within QuickTest. ? Low-Level Recording - enables you to record on any object in your application, whether or not QuickTest recognizes the specific object or the specific operation. This mode records at the object level and records all run-time objects as Window or WinObject test objects. Use low-level recording for recording tests in an environment or on an object not recognized by QuickTest. You can also use low-level recording if the exact coordinates of the object are important for your test. Note: Steps recorded using low-level mode may not run correctly on all objects.

My test fails due to checkpoint failing, Can i validate a checkpoint without my test failing due to checpoint failure?
Reporter.Filter = rfDisableAll 'Disables all the reporting stuff
chk_PassFail = Browser(...).Page(...).WebEdit(...).Check (Checkpoint("Check1"))
Reporter.Filter = rfEnableAll 'Enable all the reporting stuff
if chk_PassFail then
MsgBox "Check Point passed"
else
MsgBox "Check Point failed"
end if

Explain the keyword createobject with an example.
Creates and returns a reference to an Automation object
syntax: CreateObject(servername.typename [, location])
Arguments
servername:Required. The name of the application providing the object.
typename : Required. The type or class of the object to create.
location : Optional. The name of the network server where the object is to be created.

What is test object?
Its an object that QTP uses to represent an object in our application. Each test object has one or more methods and properties that we can use to perform operations and retrieve values for that object. Each object also has a number of identification properties that can describe the object.

How to open any application during Scripting?
SystemUtil , object used to open and close applications and processes during a run session.
(a) A SystemUtil.Run statement is automatically added to your test when you run an application from the Start menu or the Run dialog box while recording a test
E.g : SystemUtil.Run ?Notepad.exe? SystemUtil.CloseDescendentProcesses ( Closes all the processes opened by QTP )
How to covert a String to an integer?
CInt()?> a conversion function available.
Inserting a Call to Action is not Importing all columns in Datatable of globalsheet. Why?
Inserting a call to action will only Import the columns of the Action called.

Give the example where we can use a COM interface in our QTP project?
COM interface appears in the scenario of front end and back end.

How To clear the AutoComplete?
1 In your Internet Explorer?s menu bar, choose Tools > Internet Options > Content tab.
2 Click AutoComplete in the Personal information area. The AutoComplete Settings dialog box opens.
3 In the Use AutoComplete for area, clear the User names and passwords on forms option.
4 Click OK to save your changes and close the AutoComplete Settings dialog box, then click OK again to close the Internet Options dialog box.

How to Running and Analyzing a Test with Checkpoints?
1 Expand the test and review your test.
Choose View > Expand All or use the * shortcut key on your number keypad.
2 Start running your test.
Click Run or choose Test > Run. The Run dialog box opens. Ensure that New run results folder is selected. Accept the default results folder name. Click OK. When the test run is completed, the Test Results window opens.
3View the test results.
When QuickTest finishes running the test, the Test Results window opens. The test result should be Passed, indicating that all checkpoints passed. If one or more checkpoints had failed, the test result would be Failed.
4 View the results of the page checkpoint.
In the Details pane, you can review the details of the page checkpoint, which lists the items checked.
5 View the results of the table checkpoint.
In the Details pane, you can review the details of the table checkpoint. You can also review the values of the table cells (cell values that were checked are displayed in black; cell values that were not checked are displayed in gray).
6 View the results of the standard checkpoint.
In the Details pane, you can review the details of the standard checkpoint, which lists the properties that were checked and their values. The checkpoint passed because the actual values of the checked properties match the expected values.
7 View the results of the text checkpoint.
In the Details pane, you can review the details of the text checkpoint. The checkpoint passed because the actual text matches the expected text.
Close the Test Results window. Choose File > Exit.

What?s QuickTest Window?
Before you begin creating tests, you should familiarize yourself with the main QuickTest window.
The QuickTest window contains the following key elements:
. Title bar?Displays the name of the currently open test.
. Menu bar?Displays menus of QuickTest commands.
. File toolbar?Contains buttons to assist you in managing your test.
. Testing toolbar?Contains buttons to assist you in the testing process.
. Debug toolbar?Contains buttons to assist you in debugging tests.
. Test pane?Contains the Keyword View and Expert View tabs.
. Active Screen?Provides a snapshot of your application as it appeared when you performed a certain step during the recording session.
. Data Table?Assists you in parameterizing your test.
. Debug Viewer pane?Assists you in debugging your test. The Debug Viewer pane contains the Watch Expressions, Variables, and Command tabs. (The Debug Viewer pane is not displayed when you open QuickTest for the first time. You can display the Debug Viewer by choosing View
QuickTest identifies the object that you clicked as a WebButton test object. It creates a WebButton object with the name Find, and records the following properties and values for the Find WebButton:
It also records that you performed a Click method on the WebButton.
QuickTest displays your step in the Keyword View like this:
QuickTest displays your step in the Expert View like this:
Browser(?Mercury Interactive?).Page(?Mercury Interactive?).
WebButton(?Find?).

What is a Run-Time Data Table? Where can I find and view this table?
In QTP, there is data table used , which is used at runtime.
-In QTP, select the option View->Data tabke.
-This is basically an excel file, which is stored in the folder of the test created, its name is Default.xls by default.

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